Table of contents

PRE-LITERACY SKILLS

Literacy environments

Linguistic
memory

Working
memory

Naming
speed

Visuomotor
skills

Vocabulary

Listening
comprehension

Phonological
awareness

Letter
knowledge

DECODING
AND SPELLING

Reading accuracy (letters, phonemes, syllables,
words)

Spelling
(words, syllables, phonemes, letters)

READING
AND SPELLING FLUENCY

Increasing
reading fluency

Increasing
spelling fluency

Syntax
and semantics

READING COMPREHENSION

Finding information

Inference
making

Taking
perspectives

Critical
interpretation

Assessment

PRODUCTIVE
WRITING

Cohesion

Coherence

Nuanced
and rich language

Sentences

Words

LIFELONG
LITERACY LEARNING

Multiliteracy

Metalinguistic
skills

Multilinguistic
competence

IMPORTANT
BACKGROUND FACTORS

Motivation

Attention

Executive
function

Learning
skills