Teacher Certification - eTALE Africa

Background
This Teacher Certification module was developed to give You feedback, how well You master the research-based content of Literacy learning, Literacy teaching and Reading difficulties. If you successfully complete the module, you will receive a Certificate of Completion that enhances Your professional development.
How to start?
Before you start to study eTALE Africa learning content, we highly recommend You do first a “pretest” by answering 40 random multiple-choice questions. Note that there is only one correct answer for each question (a, b, c or d). You will have one hour to complete the pretest. After answering to all 40 questions, you will receive immediate feedback how well You did.
How to do the test?
If You already are an expert in the content and receive at least 70% (28 out of 40 questions correct) in the pretest, you will automatically receive the Certificate to your email. You can save and print it as a demonstration of your knowledge in literacy learning and teaching and reading difficulties.
What if I do not get 70% in pretest?
If You don’t get 70% in the pretest, do not worry. The “pretest” is the starting point of eTALE Africa eLearning environment! When You have gone through and studied the content, you can do the “post-test” or “final examination”. You can do the test as many times as you like. But note the questions will not be the same or in same order.
When You have answered correctly least to 28 questions (that is 70% and above), the Certificate is send to Your email.
Parts of the eTALE Africa content may seem challenging and the test might not be an easy task! But remember, You can always read a little bit more and do the test again.
Ready? Let´s go!
If you want to do the pretest now, please continue below.

            
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                    Certification test
                    
                    Teacher certification test
                    
                    
                    
                    
                    
                    
                        
                    
                    
                    
                
            

                    
                    User data for teacher certification test

                        NameEmailCountryOther country (fill in here)How many times have you tried this test?
                        
                            
                            
                        
                    
                  

                        
                        
                        1 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy learning
                    
                            
                                1. Critical factor for reading mastery is:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Reading motivation.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Phonological skills.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. All alternatives are correct.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Practice time.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        2 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy learning
                    
                            
                                2.  A transparent language has the following characteristics:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. The language does not have a complex grammar structure.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. The words are clearly pronounced.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. The phonemes/letter names and sounds of the language are consistent and do not change with the addition of other letters.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. The language is easy to master as a second language.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        3 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy learning
                    
                            
                                3. The skill of identifying and producing rhyming words is useful for:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Keeping learners busy and preventing disturbances in class.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Identifying child’s visual-perceptual difficulties.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Identifying if a child’s hearing is hampering reading development.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Learning to sound out phonics in short words and identifying relevant words.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        4 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy learning
                    
                            
                                4.  Phonological awareness means:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. The ability to count the number of words correctly.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Identifying the sounds, syllables, and words of the language.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. The ability to spell and read words correctly.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Naming letters in alphabetical order.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        5 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy learning
                    
                            
                                5. You can get a child to pay attention:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. All alternatives are correct.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. By teaching at the appropriate difficulty level.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. By incorporating movement and physical activity into your lessons.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. By being clear in your expectations.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        6 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy learning
                    
                            
                                6. Development of voluntary attention:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Is not important in daily life. 
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Is based on the novelty and power of stimuli.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Is not important in learning at school.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Is based on the way an adult verbally guides a child.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        7 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy learning
                    
                            
                                7. To increase reading motivation, it is important that:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Learners understand the basics of reading to get positive feedback in learning situations at home and at school.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Teachers listen to the children’s needs and pay attention to their motivations so that their lessons can be successfully implemented.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. All alternatives are correct.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Learners are allowed to choose the complementary books they want to read.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        8 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy learning
                    
                            
                                8. Children do NOT need working memory when:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Immediately repeating a number series, such as  3-6-2, after the teacher.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. When remembering specific numbers and how they should be manipulated in different arithmetic and calculation tasks.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Trying to remember spoken directions to a specific location.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Remembering a password or telephone number.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        9 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy learning
                    
                            
                                9. A delay in expressive vocabulary (late talking) at the age of 2–2.5 years predicts:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Early vocabulary is not associated with reading comprehension.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Comprehension difficulties in reading at school age.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Reading fluency at school age.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Predicts nothing important because some children just learn to talk later than others.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        10 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy learning
                    
                            
                                10. In teaching vocabulary, it is important to:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. All alternatives are correct. 
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Offer several exposures.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Relate the vocabulary to prior knowledge.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Build relationships among words.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        11 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                11. Many countries around the world are promoting multilingualism, even in places where multilingualism is absent from official educational policy, because multilingualism has been shown to have several advantages. These advantages do NOT include:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Increased intelligence.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Enhanced communication skills.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Increased career opportunities.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Increased linguistic recognition.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        12 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                12. Bilingual education entails:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Education where languages are thought of as additional or optional subjects.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Education in which content is conceived of using a child’s mother language.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Education where content is conceived using English.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Education in which content is learned in and through at least two languages.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        13 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                13. Multilingualism:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Is synonymous with monolingualism.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Is synonymous with bilingualism.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Refers to state of knowing or using more than one language in written or spoken form by an individual or a community.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Refers to state of knowing or using a mother language in written or spoken form by an individual or a community.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        14 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                14. Monolingualism:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Refers to the state of knowing or being able to use only one language in speech or written form. 
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Is synonymous with bilingualism.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Is synonymous with multilingualism.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Refers to the state of knowing or being able to use only one language, at any given time, in speech or written form.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        15 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                15. A good way to teach morphological awareness is:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. To ask the children to repeat text read by the teacher.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. To teach how different parts of words can be separated.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. To ask the children to write dictated words.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. To teach children to spell words correctly.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        16 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                16. Which of the following best describes the primary purpose and function of a classroom reading assessment?

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. To evaluate the effectiveness of reading instruction by comparing the reading levels of specific groups of learners.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. To provide instructional plans for reading by determining individual learners' ongoing reading needs.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. To monitor learners' academic achievement in reading by measuring their mastery of the reading standards set by SACMEQ.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. To prepare learners for state standardised testing on reading by equipping them with a variety of test-taking strategies.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        17 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                17. Organisational support in teaching means:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Good management in teaching.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Children organise their school work.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Children behave badly.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Teachers handle school organisation.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        18 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                18. Emotional support in teaching means that:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. The teacher ignores crying children.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. The teacher teaches emotional skills to the children.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. The teacher tells children how to feel.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. The teacher is sensitive to students’ needs.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        19 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                19. Teaching through interaction means that:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Children have fun in the classroom.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Children talk a lot in the classroom.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. The teacher talks a lot in the classroom.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Teacher-child interaction supports learning.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        20 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                20. Teacher-directed teaching is beneficial: 

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. For having contact with the teacher.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. For learning to play football.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. For learning social relations.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. For learning basic reading and mathematics.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        21 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                21. Which of these allows writers to write content that is readable and understandable? 

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Grammar.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Spelling.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Punctuation.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. All alternatives are correct.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        22 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                22. Which of the following statements about the importance of teaching productive writing is FALSE?

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Writing builds distance between the writer and reader.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. b.	Learners can improve their writing ability by expressing their thoughts to other people.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Learners learn to correct their writing mistakes and perfect their writing skills. 
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Learners learn how to use the components of language and improve their language skills.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        23 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                23.  When can adult learners begin to learn to read phrases and sentences?

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. After attending several reading classes.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. None of the options.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. After obtaining the skills to read words.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. After registering in a literacy program.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        24 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                24. Who chooses the appropriate learning time for adult learners?

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Teachers.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. The Ministry of Education.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. The learners themselves.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. The learners together with their teachers.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        25 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                25.  How can you manage adult learners during literacy learning sessions?

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. By giving them many tasks to accomplish.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. By integrating emotion into lessons.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Through corporal punishment.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. By giving them difficult questions for discussion.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        26 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                26. Why does teaching adult learners require special skills?

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Because they are special.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Because they are intelligent.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Because they are slow learners.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Because their age makes them behave in a different manner.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        27 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                27. When beginning to teach a new phoneme, it is useful to tell a story because:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Parents like to hear stories from school.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Teachers like to tell stories.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Children can associate familiar matters with the new phoneme.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Children like to hear nice stories.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        28 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                28. Phonics-based instruction:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Does not have a syllable level.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Is very useful for children with reading difficulties.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Is recommended, especially for non-transparent languages like English.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Includes five steps that are repeated.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        29 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                29. When spelling in transparent languages (e.g., bantu languages):

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. You need to know how to separate syllables from words.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. You need to know how to separate phonemes from syllables.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. All alternatives are correct.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. You need to know the letter-phoneme connections.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        30 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                30.  Which of the following is NOT a psychological benefit of listening to stories?

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Developing imagination.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Developing visual perceptual skills. 
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Gaining knowledge about new things and new words.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Developing emotional wellbeing.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        31 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Reading difficulties
                    
                            
                                31. In learning to read, it is important that:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. All alternatives are correct.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. The teacher uses proper teaching methods.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. The teacher knows the local languages of the pupils in the class.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. The teacher inspires children to read
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        32 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Reading difficulties
                    
                            
                                32. Part-time special education in grades one and two:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Predicts faster skill development in children with reading and spelling difficulties.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Is not needed because some children may just have a delay in their learning to read.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Does not help children with reading difficulties.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Is not a reasonable way to use limited teaching resources.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        33 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Reading difficulties
                    
                            
                                33. Based on research, which of these statements is INCORRECT. Intensity of reading instruction and intervention can be increased by:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Providing explicit instruction. 
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Increasing the extent of the intervention (number of hours).
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Allowing the child to practice independently most of the time.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Decreasing group size (whole-class, small group, one-to-one).
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        34 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Reading difficulties
                    
                            
                                34. Which of the following is the most effective method for improving literacy in children and adolescents with reading difficulties?

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Teaching whole and sight words.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Systematic instruction of letter–sound correspondences and decoding. 
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Using auditory training.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Use of coloured lenses.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        35 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Reading difficulties
                    
                            
                                35. Based on research, which of the following is NOT true:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. It does not matter if a reading disability is not recognised/identified. 
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Learning to read, for children with a reading disability, is based on the same cognitive processes as readers without a disability.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Learning to read, for children with a reading disability, is based on the same developmental steps as readers without a disability.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. A reading difficulty can be most successfully treated when identified early in development.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        36 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Reading difficulties
                    
                            
                                36. Effective interventions for students with learning difficulties typically: 

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Do engage in reading instructional-level materials.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Do not focus on academic skills.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Do not continually monitor progress and adjust instruction or change programmes.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Do not increase instructional time, intensity, or differentiation.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        37 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Reading difficulties
                    
                            
                                37. Based on research, we know that the most effective intervention for reading difficulties is:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Copying written words.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Systematic phonics-based instruction.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Teaching children to remember whole words.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Teaching children to repeat words the teacher reads aloud.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        38 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Reading difficulties
                    
                            
                                38. Based on research, which of these statements is NOT true? 

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Some poor readers struggle to read fluently.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Most poor readers have a combination of difficulties in different aspects of reading skills.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Some poor readers have problems in learning the new words accurately.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. All poor readers have similar kinds of difficulties in reading.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        39 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Reading difficulties
                    
                            
                                39. In learning to read, it is most important that a child:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Learns letter-sound correspondences. 
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Learns the letter names.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Learns to draw letter forms. 
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Remembers words as a whole.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        40 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Reading difficulties
                    
                            
                                40. Based on genetic studies of dyslexia, we know that:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Because reading disabilities have a genetic background, it is not possible to influence children through teaching. 
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. There is no single gene for reading disabilities.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. There is one gene that affects brain development and leads to a reading disability.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Reading disabilities do not run in families.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

            
            
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