Teacher Certification

Background
This Teacher Certification module was developed to give You feedback, how well You master the research-based content of Literacy learning, Literacy teaching and Reading difficulties. If you successfully complete the module, you will receive a Certificate of Completion that enhances Your professional development.
How to start?
Before you start to study eTALE Africa learning content, we highly recommend You do first a “pretest” by answering 40 random multiple-choice questions. Note that there is only one correct answer for each question (a, b, c or d). You will have one hour to complete the pretest. After answering to all 40 questions, you will receive immediate feedback how well You did.
How to do the test?
If You already are an expert in the content and receive at least 70% (28 out of 40 questions correct) in the pretest, you will automatically receive the Certificate to your email. You can save and print it as a demonstration of your knowledge in literacy learning and teaching and reading difficulties.
What if I do not get 70% in pretest?
If You don’t get 70% in the pretest, do not worry. The “pretest” is the starting point of eTALE Africa eLearning environment! When You have gone through and studied the content, you can do the “post-test” or “final examination”. You can do the test as many times as you like. But note the questions will not be the same or in same order.
When You have answered correctly least to 28 questions (that is 70% and above), the Certificate is send to Your email.
Parts of the eTALE Africa content may seem challenging and the test might not be an easy task! But remember, You can always read a little bit more and do the test again.
Ready? Let´s go!
If you want to do the pretest now, please continue below.

            
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                    Certification test
                    
                    Teacher certification test
                    
                    
                    
                    
                    
                    
                        
                    
                    
                    
                
            

                    
                    User data for teacher certification test

                        NameEmailCountryOther country (fill in here)How many times have you tried this test?
                        
                            
                            
                        
                    
                  

                        
                        
                        1 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy learning
                    
                            
                                1. The method of promoting the development of phonemic awareness in young children is:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Teaching short vowel phonics.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Teaching sounds with corresponding letter names.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Counting how many words make up a specific sentence.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Teaching rhyming words and syllables.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        2 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy learning
                    
                            
                                2.  Phonological awareness means:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Naming letters in alphabetical order.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. The ability to count the number of words correctly.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Identifying the sounds, syllables, and words of the language.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. The ability to spell and read words correctly.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        3 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy learning
                    
                            
                                3.  Which of these does NOT make a child a good reader?

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Practising reading every day.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. The ability to handle books and turn pages efficiently.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. The ability to use letters and blend them into syllables and words.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. The ability to retrieve needed knowledge and information quickly.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        4 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy learning
                    
                            
                                4. Which of these is NOT part of the executive functions of the brain?

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Inhibitory control.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Working memory.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Cognitive or mental flexibility.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Auditive perception.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        5 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy learning
                    
                            
                                5. You can get a child to pay attention:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. By incorporating movement and physical activity into your lessons.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. By teaching at the appropriate difficulty level.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. By being clear in your expectations.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. All alternatives are correct.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        6 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy learning
                    
                            
                                6. A child shows intrinsic motivation when:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Interested in earning a reward from an external source.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. The child does what the teacher says she or he should do.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. The child thinks “I like to read because I want to know more about animals.”
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. The child thinks “I will practice reading because I will get a good grade.”
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        7 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy learning
                    
                            
                                7. Fine motor skills are NOT that important in:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Writing.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Hopping/jumping.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Speaking.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Drawing.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        8 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy learning
                    
                            
                                8. Which one of these is NOT related to rapid naming problems?

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Learning the letters is laborious even when phonological skills are intact.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. A child reads fluently, but makes many errors in reading.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. A child uses “empty words” or very general words like “that thing.”
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. A child learns to read accurately, but the reading is slow and laborious.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        9 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy learning
                    
                            
                                9. To become a good reader, it is important that a child:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Knows letters and corresponding letter-sounds and be able to blend them into syllables and words.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Learn to recognize words as a whole.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Learns letter names.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Repeats the words the teacher reads.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        10 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy learning
                    
                            
                                10. A delay in expressive vocabulary (late talking) at the age of 2–2.5 years predicts:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Comprehension difficulties in reading at school age.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Predicts nothing important because some children just learn to talk later than others.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Reading fluency at school age.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Early vocabulary is not associated with reading comprehension.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        11 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                11.  Which of the following is an example of a semiotic system?

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Gestural.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Visual.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Linguistic.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. All alternatives are correct.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        12 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                12. Multilingualism:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Is synonymous with monolingualism.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Refers to state of knowing or using a mother language in written or spoken form by an individual or a community.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Refers to state of knowing or using more than one language in written or spoken form by an individual or a community.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Is synonymous with bilingualism.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        13 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                13. A good way to teach morphological awareness is:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. To ask the children to repeat text read by the teacher.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. To teach children to spell words correctly.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. To teach how different parts of words can be separated.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. To ask the children to write dictated words.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        14 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                14. Which of these is NOT a metalinguistic skill?

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Phonological awareness.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Orthographic knowledge.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Reading fluency.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Morphological awareness.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        15 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                15. A pre-primary school teacher orally presents learners with pairs of words (e.g., buy/tie, see/saw) and has learners identify whether the words rhyme or not. Next, she says a list of one-syllable words and asks learners to point to a part of the body that rhymes with each word (e.g., the teacher says bed, and the learners point to their heads). These activities promote learners’ reading development primarily by:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Improving their word decoding skills.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Enriching their vocabulary.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Expanding their understanding of the alphabetic principle.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Promoting their development of phonological awareness.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        16 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                16. Which of the following best describes the primary purpose and function of a classroom reading assessment?

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. To monitor learners' academic achievement in reading by measuring their mastery of the reading standards set by SACMEQ.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. To evaluate the effectiveness of reading instruction by comparing the reading levels of specific groups of learners.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. To prepare learners for state standardised testing on reading by equipping them with a variety of test-taking strategies.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. To provide instructional plans for reading by determining individual learners' ongoing reading needs.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        17 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                17. Teacher-directed teaching means that:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. The teacher uses drill-and-practice methods in teaching basic academics.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. The teacher punishes the children when they behave badly.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. The teacher shouts at the children when they do not study basic academics enough.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. The teacher does not use group work in teaching basic academics.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        18 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                18. Child-centred teaching means that:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. The teacher is sensitive to the child’s needs in learning.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. The teacher puts the child in the middle of the classroom.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. The child sits between the teacher’s arms while learning.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. The child decides what she/he would like to learn.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        19 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                19. Choose the correct process for teaching productive writing:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Drafting, planning, revising, reviewing, publishing.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Publishing, revising, reviewing, drafting, planning.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Reviewing, drafting, planning, publishing, reviewing.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Planning, drafting, reviewing, revising, publishing.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        20 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                20. Which of the following statements about the importance of teaching productive writing is FALSE?

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Learners learn to correct their writing mistakes and perfect their writing skills. 
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Learners learn how to use the components of language and improve their language skills.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. b.	Learners can improve their writing ability by expressing their thoughts to other people.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Writing builds distance between the writer and reader.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        21 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                21. Who chooses the appropriate learning time for adult learners?

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. The Ministry of Education.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. The learners themselves.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Teachers.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. The learners together with their teachers.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        22 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                22.  How can you manage adult learners during literacy learning sessions?

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. By giving them difficult questions for discussion.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Through corporal punishment.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. By giving them many tasks to accomplish.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. By integrating emotion into lessons.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        23 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                23. Why does teaching adult learners require special skills?

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Because their age makes them behave in a different manner.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Because they are intelligent.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Because they are slow learners.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Because they are special.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        24 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                24. When assessing reading in transparent languages: 

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Reading fluency is almost the same as reading accuracy.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Reading fluency is not a relevant measure when assessing reading. 
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Reading fluency is not connected to reading disabilities.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Reading fluency is very useful when defining reading disabilities.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        25 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                25. When assessing reading and spelling: 

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. The assessment should include a rapid spelling test.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. The assessment should include only word reading lists made by the teacher.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. The assessment should include letter knowledge and phoneme awareness.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. The assessment should include only real words.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        26 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                26. In phonics-based instruction, one of the repeated processes is NOT:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Transforming letters into phonemes.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Combining words into sentences.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Combining syllables into words.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Blending phonemes into syllables.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        27 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                27. When supporting text composition:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Spelling exercises are not needed.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. It is recommended to start writing without any goal setting.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Different writing strategies are useful.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Making word lists is not an efficient way to proceed.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        28 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                28. When comparing handwriting and typing:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Typing supports the remembering of letters better than handwriting.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Handwriting activates engrams in the brain, which supports learning letters.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Typing seems to be more efficient when learning to read.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Sensory experiences in typing are more complex than in handwriting.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        29 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                29. After the first school year, the best predictor of spelling skill in transparent languages is:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Reading skill development.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Phonological awareness.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Visuo-motor skills.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Letter-sound knowledge.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        30 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                30.  Which of the following is NOT a good way to teach phonics?

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Teach the letter names and then the sounds they make in words. 
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Learners bring objects, say the beginning sound of each object, and identify the letter.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Show a letter and tell the learners what it is; learners repeat it ten times in chorus.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Tell a story that focuses on the phonic of the day, what it looks like, and how to write it.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        31 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Reading difficulties
                    
                            
                                31. To preventing reading difficulties:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Teachers should just encourage these children to concentrate on other school subjects.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. There is nothing a teacher can do.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Teachers should carefully assess pre-reading skills like phonological skills and letter knowledge.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Teachers should just accept that there are children who can’t learn to read.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        32 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Reading difficulties
                    
                            
                                32. Part-time special education in grades one and two:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Does not help children with reading difficulties.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Is not a reasonable way to use limited teaching resources.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Is not needed because some children may just have a delay in their learning to read.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Predicts faster skill development in children with reading and spelling difficulties.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        33 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Reading difficulties
                    
                            
                                33. Based on research, which of these statements is INCORRECT. Intensity of reading instruction and intervention can be increased by:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Increasing the extent of the intervention (number of hours).
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Allowing the child to practice independently most of the time.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Providing explicit instruction. 
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Decreasing group size (whole-class, small group, one-to-one).
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        34 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Reading difficulties
                    
                            
                                34. Screening instruments used in prevention programs for reading difficulties do NOT usually assess which of the following skills?

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Phonological awareness.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Letter knowledge.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Fine motor skills.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Rapid automatized naming.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        35 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Reading difficulties
                    
                            
                                35. Which of the following is the most effective method for improving literacy in children and adolescents with reading difficulties?

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Teaching whole and sight words.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Systematic instruction of letter–sound correspondences and decoding. 
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Using auditory training.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Use of coloured lenses.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        36 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Reading difficulties
                    
                            
                                36. Based on research, which of the following is NOT true:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Learning to read, for children with a reading disability, is based on the same cognitive processes as readers without a disability.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. It does not matter if a reading disability is not recognised/identified. 
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. A reading difficulty can be most successfully treated when identified early in development.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Learning to read, for children with a reading disability, is based on the same developmental steps as readers without a disability.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        37 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Reading difficulties
                    
                            
                                37. Based on research, which of these statements is NOT true? 

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Most poor readers have a combination of difficulties in different aspects of reading skills.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Some poor readers struggle to read fluently.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. All poor readers have similar kinds of difficulties in reading.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Some poor readers have problems in learning the new words accurately.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        38 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Reading difficulties
                    
                            
                                38. Spoken language skills:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Have only a very limited effect on learning to read.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Form the foundation for learning to read.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Are not necessary in learning to spell. 
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Are not important in learning to read.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        39 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Reading difficulties
                    
                            
                                39. The orthographic structure of a language is:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. The letter names in the language.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Something that is not important in spelling and writing.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. The visual forms of the letters in the language.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. A set of conventions for the writing of the language.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        40 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Reading difficulties
                    
                            
                                40. The most prominent characteristic of reading disability (dyslexia) is:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Poor text comprehension. 
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Struggles with word reading.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Problems in visual perception.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Attention problems.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

            
            
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