Teacher Certification


            
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                    Certification test
                    
                    Teacher certification test
                    
                    
                    
                    
                    
                        
                    
                    
                    
                
            

                        
                        1 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy learning
                    
                            
                                1. Which of the following is NOT one of the roles of an efficient reader?

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Codebreaker (using phonics, context, and grammar cues).
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Text participant (making meaning, relating information).
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Text user (applying reading skills for authentic purposes).
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Repeater (learning by heart)
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        2 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy learning
                    
                            
                                2. What would be a good starting point for teaching letter sounds? 

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Teach short vowels before long vowels.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Teach letter names and the sounds they make in words.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. First teach letter sounds that occur frequently in simple words.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Lower- and uppercase letter teaching depends on the counontry’s preferences.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        3 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy learning
                    
                            
                                3. The method of promoting the development of phonemic awareness in young children is:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Teaching short vowel phonics.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Teaching rhyming words and syllables.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Teaching sounds with corresponding letter names.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Counting how many words make up a specific sentence.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        4 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy learning
                    
                            
                                4.  Which of these does NOT make a child a good reader?

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Practising reading every day.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. The ability to use letters and blend them into syllables and words.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. The ability to retrieve needed knowledge and information quickly.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. The ability to handle books and turn pages efficiently.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        5 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy learning
                    
                            
                                5. Which of these is an important learning skill?

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. All alternatives are correct.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Procedural or organisational study skills.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Cognitive and metacognitive study skills.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Repetition- or rehearsal-based study skills.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        6 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy learning
                    
                            
                                6. A common manifestation of weak cognitive or mental flexibility in children is NOT:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Resistance to changes.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Being upset by a change of plans.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Talking or playing too loudly.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Getting stuck on one topic or activity.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        7 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy learning
                    
                            
                                7. In teaching motor and visuo-motor skills, it is  important to:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Use visual demonstrations with instructions whenever possible.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Keep practice sessions short but frequent.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. All alternatives are correct.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Give praise, encouragement, and feedback.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        8 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy learning
                    
                            
                                8. Fine motor skills are NOT that important in:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Hopping/jumping.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Drawing.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Speaking.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Writing.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        9 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy learning
                    
                            
                                9. Which one is NOT true? Listening skills...

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Play a key role in literacy success and the development of numerous other language skills.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Are  very important skills in learning new motor skills. 
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Are fundamental for the development of social and relational skills in the school context. 
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. And academic success or knowledge are closely connected since listening is an important skill children use to process and acquire information.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        10 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy learning
                    
                            
                                10. In teaching vocabulary, it is important to:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. All alternatives are correct. 
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Offer several exposures.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Build relationships among words.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Relate the vocabulary to prior knowledge.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        11 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                11. Multiliteracy pedagogy acknowledges learners:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. As learners who learn new information by reading.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. As active originators of meanings in the learning process. 
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. As passive learners. 
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. As receivers of information. 
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        12 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                12. Multilingualism:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Refers to state of knowing or using a mother language in written or spoken form by an individual or a community.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Is synonymous with monolingualism.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Is synonymous with bilingualism.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Refers to state of knowing or using more than one language in written or spoken form by an individual or a community.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        13 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                13. Which of the following is NOT a level at which phonological awareness is taught?

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Syllable level.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Bi-syllable level.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Word level.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Phoneme level.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        14 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                14. A good way to teach morphological awareness is:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. To teach how different parts of words can be separated.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. To ask the children to repeat text read by the teacher.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. To ask the children to write dictated words.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. To teach children to spell words correctly.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        15 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                15. Which of these is NOT a metalinguistic skill?

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Orthographic knowledge.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Reading fluency.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Morphological awareness.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Phonological awareness.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        16 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                16. Which of the following teacher prompts would be most appropriate to use to promote pre-primary learners’ (5-6 year old children) phonemic awareness skills?

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. “Can you think of a word that rhymes with the word cat?”
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. “What sound does the letter D make?”
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. “Say the first sound you hear in the word ball.”
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. “Clap your hands for every beat you hear in the word umbrella.”
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        17 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                17. Teacher-directed teaching means that:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. The teacher punishes the children when they behave badly.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. The teacher does not use group work in teaching basic academics.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. The teacher uses drill-and-practice methods in teaching basic academics.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. The teacher shouts at the children when they do not study basic academics enough.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        18 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                18.    How can you help adult learners become fluent in reading?

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. By putting them in competition with young readers.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. By providing them with reading materials relevant to their interests.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. By giving them reading tests.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. None of the above. 
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        19 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                19. Why do not adult learners spend all day learning, as children do?

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Because they are slow learners.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Because they have other obligations.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Because they are forced to learn.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. None of the above.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        20 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                20. Who chooses the appropriate learning time for adult learners?

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. The learners together with their teachers.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. The learners themselves.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. The Ministry of Education.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Teachers.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        21 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                21. What is the most appropriate teaching method to be used in teaching adult learners?

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Gallery walk method.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Student centred method.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. The method of gradual release of responsibilities.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Lecture method.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        22 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                22. When assessing reading in transparent languages: 

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Reading fluency is very useful when defining reading disabilities.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Reading fluency is almost the same as reading accuracy.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Reading fluency is not connected to reading disabilities.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Reading fluency is not a relevant measure when assessing reading. 
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        23 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                23. Phonics-based instruction:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Includes five steps that are repeated.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Does not have a syllable level.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Is recommended, especially for non-transparent languages like English.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Is very useful for children with reading difficulties.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        24 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                24. How should a teacher NOT help children with spelling difficulties?

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Have students write words and mark the spelling errors with a red pen.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Train students to have phonological awareness.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Train students to check spelling after writing.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Focus on self-correcting strategies.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        25 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                25. After the first school year, the best predictor of spelling skill in transparent languages is:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Reading skill development.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Visuo-motor skills.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Phonological awareness.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Letter-sound knowledge.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        26 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                26. When spelling in transparent languages (e.g., bantu languages):

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. All alternatives are correct.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. You need to know how to separate syllables from words.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. You need to know the letter-phoneme connections.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. You need to know how to separate phonemes from syllables.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        27 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                27.  Which of the following is NOT a psychological benefit of listening to stories?

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Gaining knowledge about new things and new words.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Developing emotional wellbeing.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Developing imagination.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Developing visual perceptual skills. 
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        28 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                28.  Which of the following is NOT a good way to teach phonics?

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Teach the letter names and then the sounds they make in words. 
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Learners bring objects, say the beginning sound of each object, and identify the letter.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Tell a story that focuses on the phonic of the day, what it looks like, and how to write it.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Show a letter and tell the learners what it is; learners repeat it ten times in chorus.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        29 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                29. Which of the following is not beneficial for listening to stories?

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Playing any mobile games. 
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Acquisition of literacy skills, such as speaking.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Increased vocabulary range.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Listening and concentration enhancement.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        30 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                30. Blended learning is:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. The integration of reading and writing.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. The integration of face-to-face instruction and online learning.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. The integration of the theme, for example, plants, is integrated in each relevant school subject.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. The integration of teacher led learning and learner co-operative learning. 
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        31 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Reading difficulties
                    
                            
                                31. We can say that a child has dyslexia or a reading disability when we are sure that:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. The child speaks the language used in reading instruction.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. The child has been in school and recieved adequate instruction in reading.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. The child has no visual impairment.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. All of the above.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        32 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Reading difficulties
                    
                            
                                32. Which of the following is INCORRECT based on research? Fundamental principles for interventions for word-level reading difficulties include:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Intensive monitoring of the development of reading skills. 
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. The instructional-level of the reading material is not important in word-level reading instruction.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Reliance on explicit instruction on letter–sound connections. 
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Teaching phonics explicitly in the context of a multicomponent, integrated instructional program
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        33 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Reading difficulties
                    
                            
                                33. Screening instruments used in prevention programs for reading difficulties do NOT usually assess which of the following skills?

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Phonological awareness.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Rapid automatized naming.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Letter knowledge.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Fine motor skills.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        34 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Reading difficulties
                    
                            
                                34. Based on research, which of the following is NOT true:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Learning to read, for children with a reading disability, is based on the same cognitive processes as readers without a disability.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Learning to read, for children with a reading disability, is based on the same developmental steps as readers without a disability.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. A reading difficulty can be most successfully treated when identified early in development.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. It does not matter if a reading disability is not recognised/identified. 
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        35 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Reading difficulties
                    
                            
                                35. Effective interventions for students with learning difficulties typically: 

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Do not focus on academic skills.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Do not continually monitor progress and adjust instruction or change programmes.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Do not increase instructional time, intensity, or differentiation.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Do engage in reading instructional-level materials.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        36 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Reading difficulties
                    
                            
                                36. Which of the following is NOT included in Fletcher’s general principles of instruction for children with learning difficulties:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Cumulative review.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Instructional explicitness.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Incorporation of self-regulation strategies.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Focusing only on phonics in reading difficulties.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        37 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Reading difficulties
                    
                            
                                37. In learning to read, it is most important that a child:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Remembers words as a whole.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Learns letter-sound correspondences. 
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Learns the letter names.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Learns to draw letter forms. 
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        38 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Reading difficulties
                    
                            
                                38. Based on genetic studies of dyslexia, we know that:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Because reading disabilities have a genetic background, it is not possible to influence children through teaching. 
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Reading disabilities do not run in families.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. There is no single gene for reading disabilities.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. There is one gene that affects brain development and leads to a reading disability.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        39 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Reading difficulties
                    
                            
                                39. In shallow and transparent orthographies:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. The orthography is not important in teaching reading.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. The teacher does not need to teach children to read.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Children learn to read best by remembering whole words.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Children learn to read best using letter-sound correspondences. 
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        40 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Reading difficulties
                    
                            
                                40. The most prominent characteristic of reading disability (dyslexia) is:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Struggles with word reading.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Problems in visual perception.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Attention problems.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Poor text comprehension. 
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

            
            
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