Teacher Certification


            
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                    Certification test
                    
                    Teacher certification test
                    
                    
                    
                    
                    
                        
                    
                    
                    
                
            

                        
                        1 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy learning
                    
                            
                                1. A critical skill for reading mastery is:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Practice time.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Good self-esteem.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Phonological skills.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Motor development.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        2 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy learning
                    
                            
                                2.  Why is letter knowledge important for literacy development?

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Upper- and lowercase letters may confuse learners and hamper reading.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. It is a strong predictor of reading comprehension.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. It is necessary to make sense of words through the recognition of letters and the sounds they make.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. It helps to make decoding easier when children sound out the alphabet.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        3 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy learning
                    
                            
                                3.  Examples of phoneme manipulation include:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Changing the order of the letters in a long word.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Replacing some letters in a word with other letters and saying the new word.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Adding capital letters (uppercase) to a word.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Having learners repeat the words a teacher is reading aloud.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        4 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy learning
                    
                            
                                4.  Which of these does NOT make a child a good reader?

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. The ability to use letters and blend them into syllables and words.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. The ability to handle books and turn pages efficiently.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. The ability to retrieve needed knowledge and information quickly.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. The ability to discriminate between and manipulate the sounds of the spoken language seen in written form.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        5 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy learning
                    
                            
                                5. A common manifestation of weak cognitive or mental flexibility in children is NOT:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Resistance to change or routine.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Being upset by a change of plans.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Talking or playing too loudly.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Getting stuck on one topic or activity.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        6 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy learning
                    
                            
                                6. You can get a child to pay attention:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. By being clear in your expectations.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. By incorporating movement and physical activity into your lessons.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. By teaching at the appropriate difficulty level.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. All of the above.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        7 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy learning
                    
                            
                                7. Children don’t need working memory when:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Trying to remember spoken directions to a specific location.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Immediately repeating a number series, such as  3-6-2, after the teacher.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Remembering a password or telephone number.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. When remembering specific numbers and how they should be manipulated in different arithmetic and calculation tasks.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        8 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy learning
                    
                            
                                8. To become a good reader, it is important that a child:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Learn to recognize words as a whole.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Know letters and corresponding letter-sounds and be able to blend them into syllables and words.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Repeats the words the teacher reads.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Learns letter names.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        9 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy learning
                    
                            
                                9. A delay in expressive vocabulary (late talking) at the age of 2–2.5 years predicts:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Comprehension difficulties in reading at school age.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Predicts nothing important because some children just learn to talk later than others.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Early vocabulary is associated with reading fluency but not reading comprehension.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Early vocabulary is not associated with reading comprehension.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        10 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy learning
                    
                            
                                10. In teaching vocabulary, it is important to:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Offer several exposures.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Build relationships among words.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. All of the above.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Relate the vocabulary to prior knowledge.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        11 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                11. Which of the following is NOT a dimension of multilingual pedagogy?

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Overt instruction.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Critical instruction.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Situated practise.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Transformed practise.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        12 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                12. Multiliteracy pedagogy stresses the need for language and literacy education to take into account:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. All of the above.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Listening.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Writing and reading.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Drama and play pedagogy.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        13 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                13. Which of the following is NOT a reading comprehension skill?

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Decoding. 
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Reasoning. 
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Attitude. 
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Fluency. 
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        14 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                14. Which of the following activities would be most appropriate for introducing pre-primary learners to the alphabetic principle?

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Writing a learner’s name on the board and having learners sound out the name by blending the letters.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Reciting a list of learners’ names and having learners raise their hands when they hear a name that begins with a specific sound.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Saying a learner’s name and having learners clap the number of syllables they hear in the name.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Posting learners’ names on a wall and having learners whose names contain a certain letter come to the front of the room.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        15 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                15. A pre-primary school teacher orally presents learners with pairs of words (e.g., buy/tie, see/saw) and has learners identify whether the words rhyme or not. Next, she says a list of one-syllable words and asks learners to point to a part of the body that rhymes with each word (e.g., the teacher says bed, and the learners point to their heads). These activities promote learners’ reading development primarily by:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Promoting their development of phonological awareness.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Enriching their vocabulary.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Improving their word decoding skills.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Expanding their understanding of the alphabetic principle.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        16 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                16. Which of the following best describes the primary purpose and function of a classroom reading assessment?

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. To prepare learners for state standardised testing on reading by equipping them with a variety of test-taking strategies.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. To provide instructional plans for reading by determining individual learners' ongoing reading needs.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. To monitor learners' academic achievement in reading by measuring their mastery of the reading standards set by SACMEQ.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. To evaluate the effectiveness of reading instruction by comparing the reading levels of specific groups of learners.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        17 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                17. Emotional support in teaching means that:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. The teacher tells children how to feel.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. The teacher teaches emotional skills to the children.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. The teacher comforts crying children.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. The teacher is sensitive to students’ needs.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        18 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                18. Child-centred teaching means that

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. The teacher is sensitive to the child’s needs in learning.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. The child sits between the teacher’s arms while learning.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. The teacher puts the child in the middle of the classroom.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. The child decides what she/he would like to learn.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        19 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                19. Which of these allows writers to write content that is readable and understandable? 

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Grammar. 
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Vocabulary.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Punctuation.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Spelling.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        20 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                20.  How can you manage adult learners during literacy learning sessions?

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. By giving them difficult questions for discussion.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Through corporal punishment.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. By integrating emotion into lessons.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. By giving them many tasks to accomplish.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        21 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                21.  What is the most appropriate method for teaching adult learners?

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Gradual release of responsibilities.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Lectures.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Student centred.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Gallery walk.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        22 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                22. When assessing reading and spelling: 

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. The assessment should include letter knowledge and phoneme awareness.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. The assessment should include only real words.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. The assessment should include only word reading lists made by the teacher.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. The assessment should include a rapid spelling test.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        23 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                23. Phonics-based instruction:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Is very useful for children with reading difficulties.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Is recommended, especially for non-transparent languages like English.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Includes five steps that are repeated.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Does not have a syllable level.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        24 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                24. Developing good handwriting:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Is automatic and requires no special practice.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Is a fast process.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Requires little effort.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Requires many years of practice.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        25 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                25. The centre of motor images in the brain related to writing is:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Eric’s area.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Exner’s area.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Exel’s area.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Exeter’s area.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        26 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                26. Reading comprehension can be developed as follows:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Let children identify high frequency words.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Show children the title of the book, read the title, and ask the children to say what they think will happen in the story.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Focus on the spelling of new vocabulary words.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Encourage children to tell the class about an incident that happened to them.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        27 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                27.  Which of the following is NOT a good way to teach phonics?

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Tell a story that focuses on the phonic of the day, what it looks like, and how to write it.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Teach the letter names and then the sounds they make in words. 
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Learners bring objects, say the beginning sound of each object, and identify the letter.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Show a letter and tell the learners what it is; learners repeat it ten times in chorus.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        28 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                28. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of listening to stories?

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Acquistion of literacy skills, such as speaking.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. A storybook is required for listening to stories.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Increased vocabulary range.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Listening and concentration enhancement.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        29 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                29.  Which of the following is NOT regarded as a literacy activity for young children?

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Listening to stories and drawing pictures.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Singing.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Playing random action games on a cell phone or tablet.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Telling the class about things they experienced.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        30 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Literacy teaching
                    
                            
                                30. ICT is integrated into reading instruction when:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. The teacher takes photos of learners.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. The teacher records and plays back children’s reading efforts.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. The teacher uses her/his cell phone in class.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. The teacher shows pictures of items learned about in different units, e.g., environmental education.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        31 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Reading difficulties
                    
                            
                                31. Part-time special education in grades one and two:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Is not a reasonable way to use limited teaching resources.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Does not help children with reading difficulties.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Predicts faster skill development in children with reading and spelling difficulties.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Is not needed because some children may just have a delay in their learning to read.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        32 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Reading difficulties
                    
                            
                                32. For very young children, the reading environment in the home is strongly linked to their emergent literacy skills before entering school. Which of these is NOT an important aspect of the home literacy environment:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Parents’ attitude toward reading.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Parents’ reading habits.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Number of books in the home.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Presence of a radio or television in the home.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        33 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Reading difficulties
                    
                            
                                33. A reading disorder is a developmental disorder that is characterised by reading achievement (i.e., accuracy, speed, and comprehension) being significantly below standards expected for which of the following:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Chronological age.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. All of the above.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Schooling experience.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Level of cognitive skills.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        34 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Reading difficulties
                    
                            
                                34.  Which of the following modalities is the most beneficial in learning to read:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Touching.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Hearing.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Seeing.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Using multiple senses (multisensory approach).
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        35 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Reading difficulties
                    
                            
                                35.  Based on research, which of these statements is INCORRECT concerning effective instruction for children with reading difficulties: 

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Teaching is guided with independent practice and constructive feedback.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. The teacher provides clear modelling, demonstrations, and explanations.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. The teacher lets children learn to read independently.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. The teacher adapts instructions according to a child’s skill level. 
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        36 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Reading difficulties
                    
                            
                                36. Which of the following is NOT included in Fletcher’s general principles of instruction for children with learning difficulties:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Incorporation of self-regulation strategies.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Focusing only on phonics in reading difficulties.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Instructional explicitness.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Cumulative review.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        37 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Reading difficulties
                    
                            
                                37. The main idea of a multi-tiered system of support in instruction is that:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Children with different kinds of learning difficulties are separated into different teaching groups.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Interventions are layered as a continuum, for example, into three levels of intensiveness.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Children with learning disabilities are taught in special classes.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Many different approaches are used to support children who struggle in learning.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        38 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Reading difficulties
                    
                            
                                38. Based on research, which of these statements is NOT true? 

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Some poor readers struggle to read fluently.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. All poor readers have similar kinds of difficulties in reading.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Some poor readers have problems in learning the new words accurately.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Most poor readers have a combination of difficulties in different aspects of reading skills.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        39 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Reading difficulties
                    
                            
                                39. Spoken language skills:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Have only a very limited effect on learning to read.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. Form the foundation for learning to read.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Are not necessary in learning to spell. 
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. Are not important in learning to read.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        40 / 40
                        
                            
                        Category:
                        Reading difficulties
                    
                            
                                40. In shallow and transparent orthographies:

                            
                            
                            
            
                

                
                    
                        a. Children learn to read best using letter-sound correspondences. 
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        b. The teacher does not need to teach children to read.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        c. Children learn to read best by remembering whole words.
                    
                    

                    
            
            
                

                
                    
                        d. The orthography is not important in teaching reading.
                    
                    

                    
            
                            
                            
                            
                            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    

            
            
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